Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essays

Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essays Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essay Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay Essay Michael E. Deutsch. Dennis Cunningham and Elizabeth M. Fink †Twenty Years Later - Attica Civil Rights Case Finally Cleared for Trial† Social Justice. Vol. 18. No. 3 ( 45 ) . Attica: 1971- 1991 A Commemorative Issue ( Fall 1991 ) . pp. 13-25 This is a journal uses the commissioner. the manager of the correctional. Russel Osward as a halfway function to remember the Attica Riot. reprobating his failure of direction of the prison government and the inhumane assault he had set to stop up the rebellion. The authorities had covered the facts of violent assault of the public violence for old ages. but it had been dug out by the protest of the public violence subsisters 20 old ages after the public violence. and they eventually won the dialogues and gained their civil rights. Citations can be cited for discoursing how the dialogue had gone through. It besides provides me some background information of the public violence. It besides gives a sense of what sort of civil rights had been violated and what had been brought back. I can utilize these rights as mention to seek alterations of the State Torahs. Vicky Munro-Bjorklund â€Å"Popular Cultural Images of Criminals and Prisoners since Attica† Social Justice. Vol. 18. No. 3 ( 45 ) . Attica: 1971- 1991 A Commemorative Issue ( Fall 1991 ) . pp. 48-70 This diary focuses on the popular civilization images that been shaped after the Attica Riot. It argues that the misinterpretation of the captive had been changed since the rebellion. and media is besides a force that pushes the prisons into reform. Because of stereotype. or the popular cultural images of the captives. no 1 had paid that much attending to the captives before the increasing exposure of the existent â€Å"prisoners’ life† after the Attica Riot. The description of the popular cultural images of the captives in Attica is truly a good resource to utilize. This resource is chiefly a statement of the prisoners’ image. I do non necessitate to depict the alteration of the images because I am concentrating on the jurisprudence alterations. so nil will b e quoted. but it makes me believe in a new manner: The fondness of exposure from the populace or societal media. George Edwards. â€Å"Foreword: Penitentiaries Produce No Penitents† forward-penitentiaries produce no penitents. 63 J. Crim. L. Criminology A ; Police Scl. 159 ( 1972 ) : 154-161 This diary focused on how the societal media have done to assist the coloured people inside the US penal system by utilizing the illustration of the media fondness of the Attica Riot. It focuses on and the cultural images that shape the stereotype of the black people so that they are isolated from â€Å"us† . The prisoners’ lives in the prisons have become more crystalline through the societal media after the Attica Riot when the societal media have paid attending to them and cover more about them. Social media is reprobating the barbarous intervention to the captives and the unfairness of the sentence through different ways. This paper is searched after the old 1. it is a good resource for seeing how the societal media had pushed the State to alter their correctional method and give b ack prisoners’ civil rights. Willi The Naturalization Act of 1790 am L. Wilbanks The study of the committee on Attica. 37 Fed. Probation 3 ( 1973 ) : 3-5 This is a premier summery of the national committee study of the Attica Riot published on September 13. 1972. It briefly summarized and explained what is the Attica Riot. recorded the cause of it. reported the dialogue of it. and analyzed the assault and the wake of it. The chief high spot of the public violence from the study is that it happened at a clip when the prison was about to reform for better. and the violent assault was because the prison inmate was inquiring for general forgiveness. but the authorities refused so. yet the consequence was still inhumane. This study is brief and comprehensive ; it is supplying background information for the populace to acquire the general thought of the public violence. Part of it can be quoted for a prof of inhumane intervention after the rebellion. Gerald Benjamin and Stephen P. Rappaport. Attica and Prison Reform. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science. Vol. 31. No. 3. Regulating New York State: The Rockefeller Years ( May. 1974 ) . pp. 200-213 This diary focuses on describing the inside informations of the dialogue and the assault of the Attica Riot. Informing us assault is because of the failure of the dialogue. This diary besides mentioned that the public violence happened when the reform was merely about to be taken into pattern. After the public violence. the reform began. including the installations alteration and the intervention alterations. Changes are based on the fund from federal and the State. though something still needs to be alteration. it was already a large measure. It is besides demoing some important alterations such as the alteration in the employment of the installations from all Whites to Latinos. the sawed-off clip of locking. Though this diary is truly detail. I need to cite the alterations of Torahs instead than merely physical alterations in this piece. Angela Y. Davis: Are Prisons Obsolete? Seven Stories Press New York. 2003: 10-19. 84-104 Chapter 1 introduces us with an thought of prison reform. which additions the bulk supports of the populace and it is besides the ground for the Attica Riot. It besides reveals the thought that non many people outside the prison are willing to believe about the life inside the prison. which is traveling to be a support of why I said that there is non that much attending had been paid for prison intervention. Chapter 5 Tells us how a mass of private companies and industries are deriving a batch of net income from the captives so that captives are non deriving what they are supposed to be gained. Both chapters are back uping the thought of why prisons should be paid attending and be reformed. Thought the industrial composite of the prison is written late instead than the immediate fact. I would utilize them as mention of things that haven’t been improved after the public violence. Bruce Burgett and Glenn Hendler. Keywords for American Cultural Studies. New York University Press. 2007: 37-42 This piece gives readers a brief history from the ancient Grecian to now of how Citizenship has come to its position in the United State. The civil rights have been violated by the sovereignty. but eventually came to equality through the push of establishments. faiths. every bit good as civil motions. This piece besides introduces us that how the engineering and transits are of import to a new apprehension of citizenship. This piece is of import for analysing the prison rights because I am composing through the chance that prison inmates are besides citizens. that they should hold the same rights as those normal citizens. but prisoners’ rights are somehow ever been valid or even ignored by the U. S. penal system. This article helps to specify the citizen in my paper. Jael Silliman and Anannya Bhattacharjee. Patroling the National Body Sex. Race. and Criminalization. South End Press Cambridge. Massachusetts. 2002: 1-48 Chapter one gives us a general thought on how the US penal setup has been enforced by the engagement of multiple â€Å"relevant† establishments. It is demoing audiences how those institutional officers themselves are piquing the Torahs but still move as a jurisprudence executive. and how they use the name of in-migration jurisprudence to go against the rights. particularly the rights of the adult females with colourss. they offence their organic structures. and utilize them to imprison colored work forces. This helps to analysis the female prison interventions in recent clip. Though it is a good illustration to demo the misdemeanor of the civil rights but it might be a small different from the subject that I am composing about because it is chiefly focused on the recent clip and the in-migration Torahs. Dylan Rodriguez. Forced Passages. Imprisoned Extremist Intellectuals and the U. S. Prison Regime. University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis. London. 2006 This chapter focuses on the formation of the cardinal word: The War. Though the war is purportedly be the struggle between provinces. the author tells readers that the U. S. authorities is utilizing the war zone as a manner to command the citizens. It talks about how the power is contributed through the usage of the prison government. I would wish to cite the history of the prison government to inform that the prison today has a bondage background and that is what makes the rights of captives been blurred so moderately. U. S. Naturalization Act of 1790. The Transcript of 13th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery ( 1865 ) The naturalisation act is the cardinal act to the U. S. citizens. It indicated that free white of good moral character that had lived in the U. S. for two old ages and swore commitment. It can be used as a historical accordant to the descriptions of the history of the prison government. The 13th amendment establishes birthright of citizenship due procedure and equal protection. officially extends citizenship to freshly liberate. black work forces. Both of these Torahs can be use as path of the citizenship as proves of the inequality of the civil Torahs roots. Abstraction Citizenship refers to the nexus between province and individual who lives in. Citizens by wide should be within the nexus and should be person who lives in the sate. Prisoners as a particular type of citizen are supposed to hold the same civil rights and be protected by the same Torahs. yet their fortunes set them into a state of affairs where their rights are violated invariably with or without justness. Prison interventions in the US. can been seen as a important illustration of the misdemeanor of the prisoners’ civil rights. It has neer been paid attendings until the four-day rebellion in the Attica Correctional Facility burst out in 1971. Attica Riot was the most violent public violence in the full U. S. history. Through out the rebellion. many inhumane interventions of the captives have been revealed through the exposure of the societal media. As a wonder on the affects of prison rebellions on the New York State authorities. this paper is traveling to detect some important alterations that had been made by the New York State instantly after the public violence through the wake dialogue of the Attica public violence to bespeak that the captive rights are still non hold been treated justly.

47 Confucius Quotes That Still Ring True Today

47 Confucius Quotes That Still Ring True Today Fame, as they say, is fickle. It may take years to reap it and, when you do, you may not have the time to enjoy the fruits of your labor. This was the case for Confucius, an ancient Chinese philosopher whose ideas still resonate today. Who Was Confucius? Kong Qiu, or Master Kong as he was known, did not live to see his days of glory. During his lifetime, his views were received with scorn. But that was about 2,500 years ago. Following his death, a handful of his dedicated followers passed on Confucius teachings to future generations in the book, The Analects of Confucius. Confucius philosophies remained in the archives of ancient Chinese history. As his teachings spread far and wide, his philosophies gained ground. It took many years after Confucius death for his philosophies to be appreciated and revered, but today, Confucianism is an ethical school of thought adopted by many thinkers around the world. Confuciuss Political Life Though Confucius served the Duke of Lu, a Chinese state, he made many enemies with the nobles of the land. His views antagonized the powerful nobles, who wanted the Duke to be a puppet in their hands. Confucius was exiled from the State of Lu for more than two decades, so he lived in the countryside, spreading his teachings. Confuciuss Ideologies and Philosophy Confucius gave great importance to education. He devoted his time to gain new insights and learned from renowned scholars of his time. He started his own school at the age of 22. At that time, China was undergoing a state of ideological turmoil; all around there was injustice, war, and evil. Confucius established a moral code of conduct based on human principles of mutual respect, good conduct, and familial ties. Confucianism along with Taoism and Buddhism became the three religious pillars of China. Today, Confucius is revered not just as a moral teacher, but a divine soul who saved the world from moral degradation. Confucianism in the Modern World There is a growing interest in Confucianism in China and other parts of the world. More and more followers of Confucianism are advocating a deeper study of his philosophies. Confucius ideals stand true even today. His philosophy on how to be a Junzi or the perfect gentleman is based on the simple ideology of love and tolerance. 47 Sayings From Confucius Here is one of Confuciuss sayings: It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop. In a few words, Confucius teaches us about patience, perseverance, discipline, and hard work. But if you probe further, you will see more layers. Confuciuss philosophies, which are similar to humanist thought, have significantly influenced spiritual and social thought. His views bear insight and depth of wisdom, you can apply his teachings in every sphere of life.   Confucian proverbs  have the power to transform lives, but they are not for casual reading. When you read them once, you feel the power of his words; read twice, and you will appreciate his deep thought; read them over and over again, and you will be enlightened. Let these Confucian quotes guide you in life. Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it.They must often change who would be constant in happiness or wisdom.What the superior man seeks is in himself; what the small man seeks is in others.In a country well governed, poverty is something to be ashamed of. In a country badly governed, wealth is something to be ashamed of.It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop.When anger rises, think of the consequences.When it is obvious that the goals cannot be reached, dont adjust the goals; adjust the action steps.Faced with what is right, to leave it undone shows a lack of courage.To be able under all circumstances to practice five things constitutes perfect virtue; these five things are gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness.To see what is right, and not to do it, is want of courage or of principle.Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue.Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves. Success depends upon previous preparation, and without such preparation, there is sure to be failure.Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire.Mens natures are alike, it is their habits that carry them far apart.Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.Real knowledge is to know the extent of ones ignorance.Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles.I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.Respect yourself and others will respect you.Silence is a true friend who never betrays.The superior man, when resting in safety, does not forget that danger may come. When in a state of security he does not forget the possibility of ruin. When all is orderly, he does not forget that disorder may come. Thus his person is not endangered, and his States and all their clans are preserved.The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential... these are the keys that will unlock the door to person al excellence. Better a diamond with a flaw than a pebble without.Study the past if you would define the future.Wheresoever you go, go with all your heart.Wisdom, compassion, and courage are the three universally recognized moral qualities of men.Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses.Have no friends not equal to yourself.He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.He who learns but does not think is lost! He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good.Life is really simple, but we insist on making it complicated.A superior man is modest in his speech but exceeds in his actions.Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes.The more man meditates upon good thoughts, the better will be his world and the world at large.The superior man understands what is right; the inferior man understands what will sell. By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.He who will not economize will have to agonize.When we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.He with whom neither slander that gradually soaks into the mind, nor statements that startle like a wound in the flesh, are successful may be called intelligent indeed.If I am walking with two other men, each of them will serve as my teacher. I will pick out the good points of the one and imitate them, and the bad points of the other and correct them in myself.Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.If you look into your own heart, and you find nothing wrong there, what is there to worry about? What is there to fear?Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star.It is easy to hate and it is difficult to love. This is how the whole scheme of things works. All good things are difficult to achieve, and bad things are very easy to get. Without feelings of respect, what is there to distinguish men from beasts?

Volunteer work Bonaventure house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Volunteer work Bonaventure house - Essay Example During the time when most institutions never wanted to associate themselves with HIV/AIDS, Alexian brothers went ahead and committed themselves to promoting care for the HIV/AIDS victims. This was a time when even the most influential institutions such as churches and other religious institutions never wanted to associate with the disease and the populations infected with HIV/AIDS. The Bonaventure house in Chicago is guided by the vision of Alexian brothers to provide care, compassion, dignity and love for people who are marginalized in the society. It is this vision that people with HIV/AIDS are accorded transformed lives within a supportive and compassionate community. Today, the facility has 35 private rooms, a complete food service among other facilities such as a chapel, learning centre, television room, administrative centre and 24 hour staff care. These resources are coupled with family ambiance that affords the clients spiritual and social needs. The location of the facility also ensures that the residents get enough medical and recovery services throughout the year. I decided to volunteer at Bonaventure home after reading its history and the way the facility supported HIV/AIDS patients when stigma was at its peak in the world. The facility has reduced many HIV related deaths because it offers a helping hand to those who are considered outcast by the society. Although a lot of de-stigmatization has been done and awareness has been created, the fact still remains that many people are dying because of lack of love, medical care, and treatment therapies. However, Bonaventure has come in between to solve this problem and its something that need to be appreciated, embraced, emulated and duplicated all over the world. I am sure this can only happen if more people are exposed to the day to day events of Bonaventure home. The other reason was that when I arranged a pre-visit to the centre I found children reading to their

Internet Technology, Marketing and Security Essay

Internet Technology, Marketing and Security - Essay Example oducts, one such company is the Sony Corporations whose official playstation website recently underwent a major security breach affecting around 70 million subscribers worldwide. The website is well equipped with all the information of the products and the game contents. It consists of information about all the playstations launched so far and also the new game developments going on. The popularity of playstations worldwide is well highlighted on the website and the information clearly justifies why it is so popular around the world. The website clearly mentions the company’s contact address for correspondence which is quite appreciable as the customer’s come to know how genuine the information on the website will be by knowing the company’s profile. The customization of products on the website is also remarkable, including the latest launched products, upcoming games, most popular choices and also competitions inviting hard core gamers. The customer’s information required to join the PS network is basically the e-mail id for subscription of newsletters, new launches, Gaming updates etc, and other basic information about the customer. The marketing strategy of a company determines the hold of its product in the market over the competitors. Though Sony has a established market for its products, its strategies keep it alive and grab the edge over the competitors. Analysing the position of competitors is the foremost strategy for effective marketing of company’s product. The customer’s response and needs are relatively studied to set up the marketing strategies. The company ensures optimum quality levels to satisfy customers to gain their loyalty in the market. Proper and planned strategies ensure better sales and less difficulty in facing competition. The next strategy that almost all companies seek is knowing their customers better. Launching products according to people and places also ensures better sales and profit and less troubles in creating a

The Grant Corporation Information Technology Essay

The Grant Corporation Information Technology Essay This report studies how to implement human resources information system, problems faced by Director of HR at grant incorporation in order to implement new HRIS and the corrective measures that should have been done to facilitate the change are studied in this case report. The critical success factors and weaknesses in various stages of implementing an HRIS are explored in the paper. The problems are rooted mainly in two factors. One is that HR department lacks knowledge about HRIS and secondly poor communication in the change process. According to (Hammer, 2000) some organizations are not successful in implementing human resource information systems. The system fails because the various software programs are not integrated and information is often missing. Some possible ways to prevent or solve these problems are: 1) consider add-ons, 2) get portal power, 3) integrate the system, 4) hire or host, 5)use what you have, 6) restructure the team, and 7) dont go it alone. The recommendatio ns based on research are provided in this report. The Grant Corporation The following case analysis report includes scenario of change management process at The Grant Corporation. The HRD at Grant Corporation needed to expand to keep up with the growth of organization. Newly hired Director of HR, Julia Woodland suggested implementation of a HRIS system to deal with existing HR issues. But it was not successfully implemented. According to (Mackenzie, 2010), increasingly, the failure to successfully implement information systems have less to do with the hardware or software aspects of the new system and more to do with the skills of the change leader and the people and organizational issues related to the change. The cause of problem that arises at grant incorporation involves lack of leadership, communication, planning, change management, and training. Woodlands Evaluation Julia Woodland executed a successful need analysis and concluded that HRD requires advance technology to perform efficiently and effectively. She proposed the purchase of an integrated payroll/HRIS that will integrate the finance departments system, benefits and 401(k) providers systems, which got approved. Woodland was so overwhelmed with the project; she overlooked the fact that the success requires participation and commitment from all areas of the firm. Human Resource Information Systems: Basics, Applications, and Future Directions (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008) states The Eight-Stage Change process(Kotter,1996), the steps are to Create a sense of urgency, recruit powerful change leaders, build a vision and effectively communicate it, remove obstacles, create quick wins, and develop your momentum. If Julia had followed this process, it could have helped her to make the change part of the Grant Corporation. Required Individuals for Change Process In my opinion, top management support is required from beginning, all through the execution evaluation of project along with the people who are going to be affected. In this case IT department, HR department, Payroll would have been included from the initial stage of process. As, employee communication is especially critical when were trying to get others to see and do things differently (Duck, 2001, p.27) Staffing Errors and Their Impact There are three primary activities in an HRIS implementation configuring the HRIS for the firms business processes and policies, interfacing data with other systems and converting historical data into the HRIS, and preparing the organization for the new HRIS. Woodland failed to involve, consult key people from organization in change process, she had unrealistic expectations, that her staff would welcome the new system, there was lack of communication which created distrust among HRD, and which impacted adversely on management commitment resulting in failure of implementation of HRIS. (Lorenzi, 2000) noted that for successful implementation of IT system, effective leadership, planning, change management techniques, communication, and training should be comprehend. Woodland should have considered these factors to achieve her goal. Importance of Cultural Issues Organizational culture is defined as a complex set of shared beliefs, guiding values, behavioral norms, and basic assumptions acquired over time that shape our thinking and behavior; they are part of the social fabric of the organization-its genetic code. As such, culture drives the organization and guides the behavior of everyone in that organization-how they think, feel, and act. In other words, the culture forms a behavior template. (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008, p. 192). Woodland would have understood the organizational cultural prior implementing the change. By developing a better understanding of the organizational culture, she could have implemented the strategies regarding change which employees might have embraced. Communication Plan If I had been in Woodland`s position I would have developed a communication plan that would have defined clear and concise roles for employees involved in the change process. Communication is one of the important tools in implementing effective change strategies for success. As (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008) defined in the Case for Change: Reason for change, Vision for future, Plan for getting there, Believe change is achievable and clear expectations must be included in communication plan. Having a company meeting to stage the beginning of these new ideas will provide the employees with the information they need to embrace any impending changes that the company is making and to their role in the new vision for the future. Training In this case training would help employees at to cope with organizational change by enabling them understand why it happens, why it is needed and what it means to them and to organization. With proper training employees would feel confident in using HRIS, and training would reduce their concerns, thus encouraging them to be a part of change. User Acceptance The Grant Corporation must involve end users in planning of HRIS project from beginning. According to (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008) when users are included in planning, acceptance testing, and switching over to a new HRIS, their commitment, trust increases for the project. Woodland must keep ongoing communication with employees, along with feedback to make HRIS user friendly. Woodland must inform employees regarding decisions made and by asking them to provide input on those decisions to make system accepted by them. Process Reengineering The process reengineering is beneficial as this would allow the company to obtain its full return on investment (ROI). With reengineering they can gain full potential of new system, instead of just automating existing processes. The firm will alter their conservative processes to align themselves with the new technology. (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008). Implementation Maintenance and Support HR and IT departments will have to establish a help desk to assist employees with their concerns. They will also need to ensure system is being used correctly. New policies and procedures must be established for the use of electronic data addressing security and privacy concerns. Effectiveness and efficiency of system should be monitored. Ongoing communication and training is vital for proper maintenance and support of the system. CONCLUSION The Grant Corporation case analyzes importance of good technical and organizational skills for successful implementation of an HRIS system. The success of a HRIS system exists in understanding organization culture, ongoing communication along with effective implementation process. Change management is a process by which an organization moves from its current state to some future desired state as defined by its vision. (Michael J. Kavanagh Mohan Thite, 2008, p. 201). REFRENCES: Duck, J. The change monster. New york: Crown Business. Hammer, M. 2002. Recharging your HRMS Workforce. 81(9): 38-41. (2002). Retrieved from http://gspa.nida.ac.th/load.php Lorenzi, N. . (2000). managing change:An overview. Journal of the american medical informatics association, 116-124. Mackenzie, A. (2010). Chapter 8 Course Notes.htm. Michael J. Kavanagh, M. T. (2008). Human Resource Information Systems: Basics, Applications, and Future Directions. SAGE, 2008.

Crowdsourcing at AOL Essay

1. Is crowdsourcing, as used by AOL, a form of outsourcing? Why or why not? In a way yes because the work is †outsourced† to workers outside the company itself. The tasks are not done by companies employees instead the tasks are put on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and half a milion workers that are registered there could read about the tasks and decide if they wanted to perform them. Outsourcig means that the purchase of a god or service that was previously provided internally or that could be provided internally, but is now provided by outsource vendors. This is basicly the case with AOL, they could hire personell to perform the tasks but instead they †hired† workers outside the company and that is why it is a kind of outsourcing. 2. What steps do you think Maloney might have taken to ensure that the crowdsourcing would be success for the inventory project?7 Maloney broke the large job into micro tasks and described the tasks that needed to be done. Each worker was also asked to find webpages containing a video and identify the video ´s source and location of those pages. 3. What factors should be considered when desiding whether or not to crowdsource a particular part of a business? A couple of factors should be considered when deciding to crowdsource. One of the factors is the economy itself. As mentioned in question 4, crowdsourcing is usually much cheaper then hiring a professionall to do the tasks for your company, and also you pay when the task is done and take the best option. Hiring a full time professionall or professionalls with special skills can be very expensive and you might not need them for a long period and you also need to manage them. 4. Describe the advantages of crowdsourcing. Advantages: Main advantages of crowdsourcing is that is fairly low price comparing to the proce for hiring a dedicated professional. Also the high number of people who are ready to work for you anytime. You also dont need to envise tasks to be done, instead you get the finished form and then pay for the best option. Disadvantages: Cheap labor results less credible product compared to professionals. Also there is no contract in most crowdsourcing cases which  means that workers can run anytime they want, and your design might be reused in anytime. Also there is some critics that are saying that crowdsourcing can lead to †digital sweatshops† where workers work long days with little pay and no benefits and workers might also be underaged. You dont really know who is working for you.

The Countries of the Caribbean Region